Decisson Support System is a system that provides facilities to carry out an analysis so that every decision making process carried out by business people will be more qualified by looking at the current business situation and data from outside the company and private data. from decision makers.
Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive computer-based systems, which help decision makers use data and models to solve unstructured problems.
Another definition of a decision support system (DSS) is an information system that helps to identify opportunities in decision making or provide information to help make decisions. A computer-based information system that combines models and data to solve structured and unstructured problems with extensive user involvement.
This support system helps management decision making by combining complex data, models and analytical tools, and software that is familiar with the appearance of users into a system that has a powerful power that can support semi or no decision making. structured.
DSS provides users with a device that is flexible and has high capability for analysis of important data. In other words, DSS combines an individual's intellectual resources with computer skills in order to improve the quality of decision making. DSS is interpreted as an addition to decision makers, to expand capabilities, but not to replace management's judgment in making decisions.
This is in accordance with the following DSS definitions:
(Raymond McLeod and George Schell, 2004) which explains that "DSS provides information on problem solving and communication skills in solving semi-structured problems. Information is generated in the form of periodic and special reports, and output from mathematical models and expert systems.
DSS according to Moore and Chang, SPK can be described as a system capable of supporting ad hoc data analysis, and decision modeling, decision-oriented, future planning orientation, and used at unusual times.
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are created as a way to meet the needs of a manager in making specific decisions in solving specific problems as well.
Decision support systems (English: decision support systems abbreviated as DSS) are part of computer-based information systems (including knowledge-based systems (knowledge management) that are used to support decision making in an organization or company.
DSS can also be said as a computer system that processes data into information to make decisions from specific semi-structured problems.
Decision Making Process Decision making involves several stages and through several processes (Lucas, 1992). According to Simon (1960), decision making includes four interrelated and sequential stages. The four processes are:
(1) Intelligence
This stage is the process of searching and detecting the scope of the problem and the problem recognition process. Data input is obtained, processed, and tested in order to identify problems.
(2) Design
This stage is the process of finding and developing alternatives. This stage includes the process of understanding problems, lowering solutions and testing the feasibility of solutions.
(3) Choice
At this stage the selection process is carried out between various alternative actions that might be carried out. This stage includes searching, evaluating, and recommending solutions that are suitable for the model that has been made. The solution of the model is the specific value for the outcome variable on the chosen alternative.
(4) Implementation
The implementation phase is the implementation stage of the decisions that have been taken. At this stage a series of planned actions need to be developed, so that the results of the decisions can be monitored and adjusted if repairs are needed. In this case, Simon's model also describes the contribution of Management Information Systems (SIM) and Management Sciences / Operations Research (IM / OR) to
Based on the four stages above, it is clear that Electronic Data Processing (PDE) and SIM have a contribution in the Intelligence phase, while IM / OR plays an important role in the Choice phase.
There does not appear to be a meaningful support at the Design stage, even though in reality this phase is one of the basic contributions of a Decision Support System. Decision making is the selection of several alternative actions that exist to achieve one or several predetermined goals:
(1) Support for decision makers, especially in semi-structured and unstructured situations.
(2) Support for all managerial levels, from top executives to line managers.
(3) Support for individuals and groups.
(4) Support for all independent and or sequential decisions.
(5) Support in all phases of the decision making process: intelligence, design, choice and implementation.
(6) Support for various decision-making processes and styles.
(7) The ability of the system to adapt quickly where decision makers can deal with new problems and at the same time can handle it by adapting the system to the conditions of change that occurs.
(8) Users feel right at home. User-friendly, powerful graphics capabilities, and a natural interactive language.
(9) Increasing the effectiveness of decision making (accuracy, timelines, quality) rather than efficiency (cost).
(10) Decision makers fully control all steps of the decision-making process in solving problems.
(11) End users can develop and modify simple systems.
(12) Using models in analyzing decision-making situations.
(13) Access is available for various data sources, formats, and types, ranging from geographic information systems (GIS) to object-oriented systems.
(14) Can be done as a standalone tool used by a decision maker in one location or distributed in one organization
Components of Decision Support Systems According to Turban (2005), Decision Support Systems consist of four subsystems, namely:
(1) Data Management, covering databases containing data relevant to the situation and managed by software called the Database Management System (DBMS).
(2) Model Management in the form of a software package that contains financial, statistical, management science, or quantitative models, which provide analysis capabilities and appropriate management software.
(3) Dialogue or communication subsystem, is a subsystem that is used by the user to communicate and give commands (providing a user interface).
(4) Knowledge Management that supports other subsystems or applies as a stand-alone component
A. Data Management Subsystem Data management subsystem
consists of the following elements:
(1) DSS database
Is a collection of interrelated data that is organized to meet the needs and structure of an organization and can be used by more than one person for more than one application.
(2) Database Management System
Is the making, accessing, and updating (update) by DBMS which has the main function as a place of storage, retrieving (retrieval) and control. Management Data Management Models Management Knowledges User Interfaces Managers (Users) Other Computer Based Systems Internal & external data
(3) Directories
Is a catalog of all data in the database.
(4) Query Facility
Which provides data access facilities. The main function is for data selection and manipulation operations using the appropriate models of model management
B. Model Subsystem Management Management model management
consists of the following elements:
(1) Model Base.
Contains models such as financial management, statistics, quantitative management science that provides analytical capabilities to an SPK. The Strategic Model is used to support top management to carry out strategic planning responsibilities. When this model is used in an SPK, the objectives in it are to help make long-term strategic decision making. Tactical models are used primarily by middle management to help allocate and control organizational resources. The Operational Model is used to support daily work activities in organizations. Analytic models are used to analyze data (for own applications), as components of larger models, and are used to determine model variables and parameters.
(2) Base Model Management System
It is a software system whose main function is to make models using programming languages, SPK tools and / or subroutines, and other building blocks; generate new routines and reports; model updates and changes; and model manipulation.
(3) Model Directory
The model directory role is the same as the database directory. The model directory is a catalog of all other models and software on a model basis. It contains the definition of the model and its main function is to answer questions about the availability and capability of the model.
(4) Model Execution, Integration, and Model Execution Command Processor
Is the process of controlling the current model. Model integration includes the combined operation of several models when needed or integrating SPK with other applications. While the model processor is used to receive and interpret modeling instructions.
C. Dialogue Subsystem Component SPK dialog
Is software and hardware that provides an interface for SPK. The term user interface covers all aspects of communication between one user and SPK. Its coverage is not only software and hardware, but also factors related to user convenience, ability to be accessed, and human interaction machines.
D. Knowledge Management Subsystem
Many unstructured and even semi-structured problems are so complex that the solution requires expertise. Therefore many sophisticated SPK are equipped with knowledge management components. This component provides expertise to solve several aspects of the problem and provides knowledge that can improve the operation of other SPK components. The following are the Decision Support System modules using several settlement techniques that you can use to understand how a Decision Support System is applied.
VARIOUS TYPES OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS):
It is important to note that DSS does not have a particular model that is accepted or used throughout the world. Many DSS theories are implemented, so there are many ways to classify DSS.
1. The passive DSS model is a DSS model that only collects data and organizes it effectively, usually does not provide a specific decision, and only displays the data. An active DSS actually processes data and explicitly shows a variety of solutions based on that data.
2. The active DSS model instead processes data and explicitly shows solutions based on the data obtained, although it must be remembered that human intervention in the data cannot be denied anymore. For example, dirty data or garbage data, will definitely produce garbage in garbage out.
3. A DSS is cooperative if data is collected, analyzed and then given to humans who help the system to revise or correct it.
4. Model Driven DSS is a type of DSS where decision makers use statistical simulations or financial models to produce a solution or strategy without having to intensively collect data.
5. Communication Driven DSS is a type of DSS that many are combined with methods or other applications, to produce a series of decisions, solutions or strategies.
6. Data Driven DSS emphasizes data collection which is then manipulated to suit the needs of decision makers, can be internal or external data and has a variety of formats. It is very important that data be collected and classified sequentially, for example daily sales data, operating budget from one period to another, inventory in the previous year, etc.
7. Document Driven DSS uses a variety of documents in various forms such as text documents, excel, and database records, to produce decisions and strategies from data manipulation.
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